tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-56614137564047142242024-03-14T00:41:07.039-07:00Bhutia Lepcha Tribe of SikkimAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06664599428080965303noreply@blogger.comBlogger6125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5661413756404714224.post-41638104795017305282013-10-26T01:32:00.001-07:002013-10-26T01:32:15.853-07:00NATIONAL SONG OF SIKKIM<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><u>MEANING OF THE ABOVE NATIONAL SONG OF SIKKIM IN ENGLISH VERSION </u></b></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06664599428080965303noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5661413756404714224.post-42773535170132140342013-10-25T21:11:00.003-07:002013-10-25T21:46:43.792-07:00SIKKIM FLAG<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span class="messageBody" style="color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.38;"> Annexation of Sikkim by India government just after </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">In 1947, when India Became Independent. </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">In 1975</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> April of that year, the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Army" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Indian Army">Indian Army</a><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> took over the city of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangtok" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> and disarmed the Chogyal's palace guards. </span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> On 16 May 1975, Sikkim became the 22nd state of the Indian Union, and the monarchy was abolished.</span><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">To enable the incorporation of the new state, the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_India" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Parliament of India">Indian Parliament</a><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> amended the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Constitution of India">Indian Constitution</a><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">. First, the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_amendments_of_the_Constitution_of_India" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="List of amendments of the Constitution of India">35th Amendment</a><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> laid down a set of conditions that made Sikkim an "Associate State," a special designation not used by any other state. Later, the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_amendments_of_the_Constitution_of_India" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="List of amendments of the Constitution of India">36th Amendment</a><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> repealed the 35th Amendment, and made Sikkim a full state, adding its name to the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_India#First_Schedule" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Constitution of India">First Schedule</a><span style="color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> of the Constitution and provided with special rights under section 371 F constitution of India .</span></h5>
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<span class="messageBody" style="color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.38;">Till then under the monarchy of namgyal dynasty there were two different complex design of flags </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.38;">Until 1967,</span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.38;">the previous flag showed a very complex design with a fanciful border and religious pictograms surrounding the khorlo.</span></h5>
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<span class="messageBody" style="color: #333333; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.38;">A more simple design was adopted in 1967 because of the difficulty in duplication of the complex flag. The border became solid red, the pictograms were removed and the wheel was redesigned.<br />With the annexation of Sikkim to India, and with the abolition of the monarchy, the flag now has status as the flag of Indian state of Sikkim.</span></h5>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11.199999809265137px; line-height: 15.824999809265137px; text-align: left;">Flag of Sikkim (1877-1914)</span></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vcsblBgwsYQ/Ums-UJATXNI/AAAAAAAAAC4/1M2kHkr48qI/s1600/330px-Flag_of_Sikkim_(1914-1962).svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="256" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vcsblBgwsYQ/Ums-UJATXNI/AAAAAAAAAC4/1M2kHkr48qI/s320/330px-Flag_of_Sikkim_(1914-1962).svg.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 15.828125px;"> Flag of Sikkim (1914-1962)</span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0oAsOP5yG14/Ums-injzPNI/AAAAAAAAADA/jsmE73FMAqM/s1600/330px-Flag_of_Sikkim_(1962-1967).svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="256" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-0oAsOP5yG14/Ums-injzPNI/AAAAAAAAADA/jsmE73FMAqM/s320/330px-Flag_of_Sikkim_(1962-1967).svg.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 15.828125px; text-align: left;">Flag of Sikkim (1962-1967)</span></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LGHwSq2wslI/Ums-kR1297I/AAAAAAAAADI/rBLeV1mjP0w/s1600/750px-Flag_of_Sikkim_monarchy.svg.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LGHwSq2wslI/Ums-kR1297I/AAAAAAAAADI/rBLeV1mjP0w/s320/750px-Flag_of_Sikkim_monarchy.svg.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 15.828125px;"> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 15.828125px;"> </span><span style="background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #252525; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 11px; line-height: 15.828125px;">Flag of Sikkim (1967-1975)</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06664599428080965303noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5661413756404714224.post-54234673412972998622013-10-11T06:14:00.001-07:002013-10-11T06:30:50.435-07:00BHUTIA LEPCHA<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><u>BHUTIA</u></span></b></div>
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<b style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">Bhutia</b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> (</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> Denzongpa, Bhutia</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">, </span><span lang="bo" style="background-color: white; font-family: Jomolhari, sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px;" xml:lang="bo"><span style="font-size: large;">འབྲས་ལྗོངས་པ</span></span><span lang="bo" style="background-color: white; font-family: Jomolhari, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19.1875px;" xml:lang="bo">་</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">) are a community of people of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_people" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Tibetan people">Tibetan</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> ancestry, who speak </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimese" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Sikkimese">Sikkimese</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">, a </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_languages" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Tibetan languages">Tibetan dialect</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> fairly mutually intelligible to </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Tibetan" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Standard Tibetan">standard Tibetan</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">. In 2001, the Bhutia numbered around 35,000.</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">The language spoken by the Bhutias in Sikkim is </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutia_language" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Bhutia language">Bhutia</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">, which is 85% intelligible with either Tibetan or </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzongkha" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Dzongkha">Dzongkha</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">. Most Bhutias practice the </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyingmapa" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Nyingmapa">Nyingmapa</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> school, followed by the </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagyupa" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Kagyupa">Kagyupa</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> school of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">. The Bhutias are spread ,</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">especially in the towns of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimpong" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Kalimpong">Kalimpong</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> and </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darjeeling" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Darjeeling">Darjeeling</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">.</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> when Sikkim was an independent monarchy; the ruling dynasty of the </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sikkim" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Kingdom of Sikkim">Kingdom of Sikkim</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> before the mid-1970s plebiscite was the Bhutia </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namgyal" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Namgyal">Namgyal</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> dynasty.</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">Bhutia lepcha aristocrats were called </span><i style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">Kazis</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> after similar landlord titles in neighboring regions</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">. This feudal system was an integral part of the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chogyal" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Chogyal">Chogyal</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> monarchy prior to 1975, when Sikkim was an independent monarchy</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> Among the Bhutias, the Lachenpas and Lachungpas have their own traditional legal system called the "Dzumsa" which means </span><i style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">the meeting place of the people</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">. The Dzumsa is headed by the village headman known as the </span><i style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">Pipon</i><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">. People of </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Sikkim" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="North Sikkim">North Sikkim</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> have been given full protection by the state government by deeming a status of Panchayat ward and the Pipon, a status of Panchayat head.</span><br />
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Clothing">Clothing</span></h2>
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The traditional outfit of Bhutias is called a <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakhu" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bakhu">bakhu</a></i> (similar to the Tibetan <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuba" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Chuba">chuba</a></i>, but sleeveless) which is a loose cloak type garment that is fastened at the neck on one side and near the waist with a silk/cotton belt. Male members array the<i>bakhu</i> with a loose trouser. The womenfolk don the <i>bakhu</i> with a silken full sleeve blouse called <i>honju</i>; a loose gown type garment fastened near the waist, tight with a belt. In the front portion a loose sheet of multi-coloured woollen cloth with exotic geometric designs is tied. This is called the <i>pangden</i> and is a symbol of a married woman. This traditional outfit is complemented by embroidered leather boots by both men and women. Bhutia women enjoy a much higher status than their counterparts from other communities. Both women and men have a special weakness for gold in its purest form and, traditional jewellery is mostly made of 24 carats (100%) gold.</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Houses" style="font-size: 19px;">Houses</span></h2>
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A traditional Bhutia house is called a "khim" and is usually rectangular.</div>
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The Bhutias have a stone structure outside the house which is used for burning incense. It is called "sangbum." "Sang" means incense and "bum" means vase; the shape of the structure is like a vase. It is used for burning sang, a sacred offering to the deities. The deities are offered scented dried leaves/stalks of rhododendron anthopogon, juniperus recurva, rhododendron setosum or incense sticks made of pine.</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Cuisine">Cuisine</span></h2>
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Bhutia people traditionally eat rice with animal-fat-fried vegetables or meat, usually pork or beef, and occasionally mutton or chicken. Other well-known foods are <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momo_(food)" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Momo (food)">momo</a>, steamed meat dumplings, and the <i>thukpa</i>, noodles in broth. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Losar" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Losar">Losar</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loosong" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Loosong">Loosong</a> are two among many festivals celebrated by the Bhutia community. Almost all Bhutia festivals and holidays hold Buddhist religious significance.</div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhaang" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Chhaang">Chyang</a> is the favourite drink of the Bhutias, and increasingly of other communities coexisting with the Bhutias as well. It is made of fermented barley or millet, and is served in a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a> container called the <i>Tongba</i>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Tea">Tea</a> with milk and sugar, and butter tea, are also served at religious or social occasions.</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Religion">Religion</span></h2>
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<span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19.1875px;">Bhutia are</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19.1875px;"> </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Tibetan Buddhist"> Buddhist</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-style: italic; line-height: 19.1875px;"> </span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px;"><i>by religion either Nyingma or </i></span></span><span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-size: 12.800000190734863px; line-height: 19.1875px;">Kagyu</span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px;"> .Most of the Monastery practices </span></span></i></span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px;"><i>either Nyingma or </i></span></span><span style="background-color: transparent; font-family: sans-serif;"><i><span style="font-size: 12.800000190734863px; line-height: 19.1875px;">Kagyu buddhist and accordingly there is a little differences </span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px;">of their heads / Rinpoches (Chowai-lam) meaning lama /guru which will lead our soul after death. </span></span></i></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><u>LEPCHA</u></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> </span><b style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">Lepcha</b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> / </span><b style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">Róng people</b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> also called Róngkup (</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepcha_language" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Lepcha language">Lepcha</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">: </span><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%E1%B0%9B%E1%B0%A9%E1%B0%B5%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%80%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B1.SVG" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="ᰛᰩᰵ་ᰀᰪᰱ.SVG" height="27" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/%E1%B0%9B%E1%B0%A9%E1%B0%B5%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%80%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B1.SVG/48px-%E1%B0%9B%E1%B0%A9%E1%B0%B5%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%80%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B1.SVG.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/%E1%B0%9B%E1%B0%A9%E1%B0%B5%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%80%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B1.SVG/72px-%E1%B0%9B%E1%B0%A9%E1%B0%B5%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%80%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B1.SVG.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/%E1%B0%9B%E1%B0%A9%E1%B0%B5%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%80%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B1.SVG/96px-%E1%B0%9B%E1%B0%A9%E1%B0%B5%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%80%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B1.SVG.png 2x" style="border: none; margin: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="48" /></a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">; "children of the Róng"), Mútuncí Róngkup Rumkup (</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepcha_language" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Lepcha language">Lepcha</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">: </span><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:%E1%B0%95%E1%B0%AB%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%8A%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B0%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%86%E1%B0%A7%E1%B0%B6_%E1%B0%9B%E1%B0%A9%E1%B0%B5%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%80%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B1_%E1%B0%9B%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%AE%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%80%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B1.SVG" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;"><img alt="ᰕᰫ་ᰊᰪᰰ་ᰆᰧᰶ ᰛᰩᰵ་ᰀᰪᰱ ᰛᰪᰮ་ᰀᰪᰱ.SVG" height="28" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%E1%B0%95%E1%B0%AB%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%8A%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B0%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%86%E1%B0%A7%E1%B0%B6_%E1%B0%9B%E1%B0%A9%E1%B0%B5%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%80%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B1_%E1%B0%9B%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%AE%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%80%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B1.SVG/149px-%E1%B0%95%E1%B0%AB%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%8A%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B0%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%86%E1%B0%A7%E1%B0%B6_%E1%B0%9B%E1%B0%A9%E1%B0%B5%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%80%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B1_%E1%B0%9B%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%AE%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%80%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B1.SVG.png" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%E1%B0%95%E1%B0%AB%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%8A%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B0%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%86%E1%B0%A7%E1%B0%B6_%E1%B0%9B%E1%B0%A9%E1%B0%B5%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%80%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B1_%E1%B0%9B%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%AE%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%80%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B1.SVG/224px-%E1%B0%95%E1%B0%AB%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%8A%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B0%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%86%E1%B0%A7%E1%B0%B6_%E1%B0%9B%E1%B0%A9%E1%B0%B5%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%80%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B1_%E1%B0%9B%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%AE%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%80%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B1.SVG.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%E1%B0%95%E1%B0%AB%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%8A%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B0%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%86%E1%B0%A7%E1%B0%B6_%E1%B0%9B%E1%B0%A9%E1%B0%B5%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%80%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B1_%E1%B0%9B%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%AE%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%80%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B1.SVG/298px-%E1%B0%95%E1%B0%AB%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%8A%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B0%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%86%E1%B0%A7%E1%B0%B6_%E1%B0%9B%E1%B0%A9%E1%B0%B5%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%80%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B1_%E1%B0%9B%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%AE%E0%BC%8B%E1%B0%80%E1%B0%AA%E1%B0%B1.SVG.png 2x" style="border: none; margin: 0px; vertical-align: middle;" width="149" /></a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">; "beloved children of the Róng and of God"), and Rongpa (</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimese_language" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Sikkimese language">Sikkimese</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">: </span><span lang="bo" style="background-color: white; font-family: Jomolhari, sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px;" xml:lang="bo"><span style="font-size: large;">རོང་པ</span></span><span lang="bo" style="background-color: white; font-family: Jomolhari, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; line-height: 19.1875px;" xml:lang="bo">་</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">), are among the indigenous peoples of Sikkim and number between 30,000 and 50,000. Many Lepcha are also found in </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimpong" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Kalimpong">Kalimpong</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darjeeling" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Darjeeling">Darjeeling</a> <span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">in the hills of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengal" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">. The Lepcha people are composed of four main distinct communities: the Renjóngmú of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">; the Támsángmú of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimpong" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Kalimpong">Kalimpong</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurseong" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Kurseong">Kurseong</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">, and </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirik" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Mirik">Mirik</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">; the ʔilámmú of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilam_District" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Ilam District">Ilam District</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">, Nepal; and the Promú of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samtse_District" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Samtse District">Samtse</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;"> and </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chukha_District" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Chukha District">Chukha</a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">in southwestern </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a>.</div>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">The origin of the Lepcha is unknown. </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">Lepcha people themselves firmly believe that they did not migrate to the current location from anywhere and are indigenous to the region.</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.1875px;">The Lepchas, who call themselves “Mutanchi-Rong-kup” or “Rongpa” or only “Rong”, were, perhaps, the indigenous inhabitants of Sikkim and Darjeeling in the lap of the Great and Lower Himalayas. Mutanchi Rong-kup means the most cared loved offspring of Mother Earth; and this traditional belief exists in Lepcha Lore. Previously it was commonly held by scholars that the Lepchas migrated from Tibet or southern China; but the Lepchas hold on a story mentioned in Chunakh-Aakhen, a Lepcha book of history, tradition and folk-lore that a Lepcha king named Pohartak Panu sent his army to help Chandragupta Maurya, the Mauryan emperor in his war with the Greeks in Takshashila. In the book, the name of Alexander is mentioned as the leader of the Greeks. The Lepcha word Panu means king; and in Chunakh-Aakhen Chandra Gupta is named as Chandra Gop Panu. Historically there did not take place any war between Chandragupta Maurya and Alexander; but the war mentioned in the Lepcha book could the one between Chandragupta Maurya and the Greeks after the departure of the Great Macedonian from India.</span><br />
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Language">Language</span></h2>
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The Lepcha have their own <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepcha_language" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Lepcha language">language</a>, also called Lepcha. It belongs to the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodish%E2%80%93Himalayish_languages" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bodish–Himalayish languages">Bodish–Himalayish</a> group of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman languages</a>. The Lepcha write their language in their own script, called <i>Róng</i> or <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepcha_script" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha script</a>, which is derived from the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetic_languages" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Tibetic languages">Tibetan</a> script. It was developed between the 17th and 18th centuries, possibly by a Lepcha scholar named <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thik%C3%BAng_Mensal%C3%B3ng&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Thikúng Mensalóng (page does not exist)">Thikúng Mensalóng</a>, during the reign of the third <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chogyal" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Chogyal">Chogyal</a> (Tibetan king) of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a>. The world's largest collection of old Lepcha manuscripts is found with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himalayan_Languages_Project" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Himalayan Languages Project">Himalayan Languages Project</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leiden" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Leiden">Leiden</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, with over 180 Lepcha books.</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Clans">Clans</span></h2>
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Lepchas are divided into many clans (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepcha_language" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Lepcha language">Lepcha</a>: <i>putsho</i>), each of which reveres its own sacred lake and mountain peak (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepcha_language" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Lepcha language">Lepcha</a>: <i>dâ</i> and <i>cú</i>) from which the clan derives its name. While most Lepcha can identify their own clan, they do not always know the corresponding lake or mountain peak. Lepcha clan names can be quite formidable, and are often shortened for this reason. For example, <i>Simíkmú</i> and <i>Fonyung Rumsóngmú</i> may be shortened to <i>Simik</i> and <i>Foning</i>, respectively. Some of the name of the clans are "Sada", "Rongong", etc.</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Religion">Religion</span></h2>
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<span style="font-size: 13px;">Most Lepchas are</span><span style="font-size: 13px;"> </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhist" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none;" title="Tibetan Buddhist"> Buddhist</a><span style="font-size: 13px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 13px;">by religion, which was brought by the</span><span style="font-size: 13px;"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutia" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none;" title="Bhutia">Bhutias</a><span style="font-size: 13px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 13px;">from the north, although a large number of Lepchas have adopted</span><span style="font-size: 13px;"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none;" title="Christianity">Christianity</a><span style="font-size: 13px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 13px;">today.</span><span style="font-size: 13px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 13px;">Some Lepchas have not given up their</span><span style="font-size: 13px;"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamanism" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none;" title="Shamanism">shamanistic</a><span style="font-size: 13px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 13px;">religion, which is known as</span><span style="font-size: 13px;"> </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mun_(religion)" style="background-image: none; color: #0b0080; font-size: 13px; text-decoration: none;" title="Mun (religion)">Mun</a><span style="font-size: 13px;">. In practice, rituals from Mun and Buddhism are frequently observed alongside one another among some Lepchas. For example, ancestral mountain peaks are regularly honored in ceremonies called</span><span style="font-size: 13px;"> </span><i style="font-size: 13px;">cú rumfát.</i><span style="font-size: 13px;"> </span><span style="font-size: 13px;">According to the Nepal Census of 2001, out of the 3,660 Lepcha in Nepal, 88.80% were Buddhists and 7.62% were Hindus. Many Lepchas in the Hills of Darjeeling and Kalimpong are Christians.</span></div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Clothing">Clothing</span></h2>
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The traditional clothing for Lepcha women is the ankle-length <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumdyam" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Dumdyam">dumdem</a></i>, also called <i>dumdyám</i> ("female dress"). It is one large piece of smooth cotton or silk, usually of a solid color. When it is worn, it is folded over one shoulder, pinned at the other shoulder, and held in place by a waistband, or <i>tago</i>, over which excess material drapes. A contrasting long-sleeved blouse may be worn underneath.</div>
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The traditional Lepcha clothing for men is the <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dumpra" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Dumpra">dumprá</a></i> ("male dress"). It is a multicolored, hand-woven cloth pinned at one shoulder and held in place by a waistband, usually worn over a white shirt and trousers. Men wear a flat round cap called a <i>thyáktuk</i>, with stiff black velvet sides and a multicolored top topped by a knot. Rarely, the traditional cone-shaped <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamboo" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rattan" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Rattan">rattan</a> hats are worn.</div>
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<span class="mw-headline" id="Marriage_customs">Marriage customs</span></h2>
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The Lepcha trace their descent <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrilineal" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Patrilineal">patrilineally</a>. The marriage is negotiated between the families of the bride and the groom. If the marriage deal is settled, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #0b0080; text-decoration: none;" title="Lama">lama</a> will check the horoscopes of the boy and girl to schedule a favourable date for the wedding. Then the boy's maternal uncle, along with other relatives, approaches the girl's maternal uncle with a <i>khada</i>, a ceremonial scarf, and one rupee, and gains the maternal uncle's formal consent.</div>
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The wedding takes place at noon on the auspicious day. The groom and his entire family leave for the girl's house with some money and other gifts that are handed over to the bride's maternal uncle. Upon reaching the destination, the traditional <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nyomchok_ceremony&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; color: #a55858; text-decoration: none;" title="Nyomchok ceremony (page does not exist)">Nyomchok ceremony</a> takes place, and the bride's father arranges a feast for relatives and friends. This seals the wedding between the couple</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06664599428080965303noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5661413756404714224.post-68065513850780138442013-10-09T06:17:00.000-07:002013-10-11T06:31:39.428-07:00CHOGYAL "Religious King"<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<b><span style="font-size: large;">CHOGYAL "</span></b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>meaning "Dharma Raja" or "Religious King"</b></span></span><b><span style="font-size: large;">(NAMGYAL DYNASTY)</span></b><br />
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The <b>Chogyal</b> (<span style="font-size: x-large;"> <span lang="bo" style="font-family: Jomolhari, sans-serif;" xml:lang="bo">ཆོས་རྒྱལ</span></span>) were the monarchs of the former kingdoms of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a> ruled by the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namgyal_dynasty" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Namgyal dynasty">Namgyal</a> family. The Chogyal, or divine ruler, was the absolute potentate of Sikkim from 1642 to 1975, when monarchy was abrogated and annexed by India to make Sikkim <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="India">India</a>'s 22nd <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_and_territories_of_India" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="States and territories of India">state</a> on<span style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.988636016845703px;">16-th.May 1975 The Sikkim Kindom was occupated by India .</span></div>
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The reign of the Chogyal was foretold by the patron saint of Sikkim,Guru Rimpoche. The 8th-century saint had predicted the rule of the kings when he arrived in the state.<br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Kg75qFCpmqs/UlVecYHqZKI/AAAAAAAAACE/z7geEE7sPVo/s1600/Guru_rinpoche.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Kg75qFCpmqs/UlVecYHqZKI/AAAAAAAAACE/z7geEE7sPVo/s320/Guru_rinpoche.jpg" width="219" /></span></a></div>
In 1642, Chogyal Phuntsog Namgyal was crowned as Sikkim's first ruler in yuksom The crowning of the king was a great event and he was crowned by three revered lamas who arrived there from three different directions, namely the north, west and south.</div>
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From 1642 to 1975, Sikkim was ruled by the Namgyal Monarchy (also called the Chogyal Monarchy), founded by the fifth-generation descendants of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Tashi" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Guru Tashi">G</a>uru Tashi .Chogyal means 'righteous ruler,' and was the title conferred upon Sikkim's Buddhist kings during the reign of the Namgyal Monarchy.</div>
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<span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px;">In 1641, Lama </span></span><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lutsum_Chembo&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Lutsum Chembo (page does not exist)">Lutsum Chembo</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px;"> travelled from Tibet to Denjong (meaning hidden country) now known as Sikkim to propagate the Buddhist religion. He was then joined by two other lamas, Sempa Chembo and Rinzing Chembo. The trinity of the most revered lamas belonged to the </span></span><a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kham_district&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Kham district (page does not exist)">Kham district</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px;"> in Tibet. Their primary aim was to perpetuate Tibetan hold on Sikkim and with a mission to propagate Buddhism in Sikkim. They assembled from different directions at Norbugang, later came to be known as </span></span><b><span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px;">Yuksom ( originally spelled in lepcha Meaning meeting point of three hold priest)</span></span></b><span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rM7qmZzgSRo/UlVgIbflB4I/AAAAAAAAACQ/dgk-AsP0O6I/s1600/yuksom+norbughang.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rM7qmZzgSRo/UlVgIbflB4I/AAAAAAAAACQ/dgk-AsP0O6I/s320/yuksom+norbughang.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px;"> . The area in Rathong chu valley at Narbugong was considered as blessed by Guru Padma Sambhava (Guru Rim-bo-che). Since the vision of Saint Padmasambhava (Guru Rim-bo-che) had predicted the essentiality of a fourth person for the purpose, the Lamas went in pursuit of the fourth person, as the three lamas represented three directions of North, South and West in Tibet. According to legend, </span></span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Rinpoche" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Guru Rinpoche">Guru Rinpoche</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px;">, the 9th-century Buddhist saint had also foretold the event that a Phuntsog from the east would be the next chogyal of Sikkim. In 1642, the three lamas went in search of the chosen person in the eastern region. Near the present day </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangtok" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px;">, they found a man churning milk. He offered them some refreshments and gave them shelter. So impressed were they by his deeds that they realised that he was a chosen one. They also identified Phunstsog Namgyal's ancestral royal links with Tibet and decided that he was the right person to become the temporal and religious head of the region, and then they brought him to Yuksom. They then crowned him at Norbugang near Yuksom as the temporal and religious king of Sikkim, with the title of “Chogyal”. The crowning took place at Norbugang on a pedestal set in stones, in a pine-covered hill, and he was anointed by sprinkling water from a sacred urn. At that time he was 38 years of age. He was a fifth generation descendant of </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru_Tashi" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Guru Tashi">Guru Tashi</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px;">, a 13th-century prince from the Mi-nyak House in </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kham" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Kham">Kham</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px;"> in Eastern </span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" style="background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Tibet">Tibet</a><span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px;">.</span></span><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-article_10-0" style="font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"></sup></div>
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Thereafter, the dynastic rule of Chogyals, propagation of the Buddhist religion and building of monasteries and chortens took firm roots in Sikkim. The Namgyal monarchy of 12 kings lasted from 1642 till 1975 (333 years). Tibetan <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahayana_Buddhism" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Mahayana Buddhism">Mahayana Buddhism</a> known as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vajrayana" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> sect was introduced, which ultimately was recognized as the state religion of Sikkim.</div>
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<tr><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em; text-align: center;">#</th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em; text-align: center;">Reign</th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em; text-align: center;" width="60">Portrait</th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em; text-align: center;">Ruler</th><th style="background-color: #f2f2f2; border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em; text-align: center;">Events during reign</th></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">1</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">1642–1670</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:No_image.png" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="No image.png" height="60" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/No_image.png" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" width="60" /></span></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phuntsog_Namgyal" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Phuntsog Namgyal"><span style="color: black;">Phuntsog Namgyal</span></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><small><span style="font-size: small;">Ascended the throne and was consecrated as the first Chogyal of Sikkim. Made the capital in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuksom" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Yuksom">Yuksom</a>.</span></small></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">2</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">1670–1700</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:No_image.png" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="No image.png" height="60" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/No_image.png" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" width="60" /></span></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensung_Namgyal" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Tensung Namgyal"><span style="color: black;">Tensung Namgyal</span></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><small><span style="font-size: small;">Shifted capital to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabdentse" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Rabdentse">Rabdentse</a> from Yuksom.</span></small></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">3</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">1700–1717</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:No_image.png" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="No image.png" height="60" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/No_image.png" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" width="60" /></span></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakdor_Namgyal" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Chakdor Namgyal"><span style="color: black;">Chakdor Namgyal</span></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><small><span style="font-size: small;">His half-sister Pendiongmu tried to dethrone Chakdor, who fled to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lhasa" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Lhasa">Lhasa</a>, but was reinstated as king with the help of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetans" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Tibetans">Tibetans</a>.</span></small></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">4</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">1717–1733</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:No_image.png" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="No image.png" height="60" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/No_image.png" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" width="60" /></span></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyurmed_Namgyal" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Gyurmed Namgyal"><span style="color: black;">Gyurmed Namgyal</span></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><small><span style="font-size: small;">Sikkim was attacked by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Nepal">Nepalese</a>.</span></small></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">5</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">1733–1780</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:No_image.png" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="No image.png" height="60" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/No_image.png" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" width="60" /></span></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phuntsog_Namgyal_II" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Phuntsog Namgyal II"><span style="color: black;">Phuntsog Namgyal II</span></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><small><span style="font-size: small;">Nepalese raided Rabdentse, the then capital of Sikkim.</span></small></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">6</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">1780–1793</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:No_image.png" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="No image.png" height="60" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/No_image.png" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" width="60" /></span></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenzing_Namgyal" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Tenzing Namgyal"><span style="color: black;">Tenzing Namgyal</span></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><small><span style="font-size: small;">Chogyal fled to Tibet, and later died there in exile.</span></small></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">7</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">1793–1863</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:No_image.png" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="No image.png" height="60" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/No_image.png" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" width="60" /></span></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tshudpud_Namgyal" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Tshudpud Namgyal"><span style="color: black;">Tshudpud Namgyal</span></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><small><span style="font-size: small;">The longest-reigning Chogyal of Sikkim. Shifted the capital from Rabdentse to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumlong" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Tumlong">Tumlong</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Titalia" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Treaty of Titalia">Treaty of Titalia</a> in 1817 between Sikkim and British India was signed in which territories lost to Nepal were appropriated to Sikkim. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darjeeling" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Darjeeling">Darjeeling</a> was gifted to British India in 1835. Two <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="United Kingdom">Britons</a>, Dr. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Campbell_(British_East_India_Company)" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Arthur Campbell (British East India Company)">Arthur Campbell</a> and Dr. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Dalton_Hooker" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Joseph Dalton Hooker">Joseph Dalton Hooker</a> were captured by the Sikkimese in 1849. Hostilities between British India and Sikkim continued and led to a treaty signed, in which Darjeeling was ceded to British India.</span></small></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">8</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">1863–1874</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:No_image.png" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="No image.png" height="60" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/No_image.png" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" width="60" /></span></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidkeong_Namgyal" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Sidkeong Namgyal"><span style="color: black;">Sidkeong Namgyal</span></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">9</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">1874–1914</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thutob_Namgyal.jpg" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="Thutob Namgyal.jpg" height="84" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Thutob_Namgyal.jpg/60px-Thutob_Namgyal.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Thutob_Namgyal.jpg/90px-Thutob_Namgyal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Thutob_Namgyal.jpg/120px-Thutob_Namgyal.jpg 2x" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" width="60" /></span></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thutob_Namgyal" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Thutob Namgyal"><span style="color: black;">Thutob Namgyal</span></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><small><span style="font-size: small;">Claude White appointed as the first political officer of Sikkim in 1889. Capital shifted from Tumlong to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangtok" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a> in 1894.</span></small></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">10</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">1914</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sidkeong_Tulku_Namgyal.jpg" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="Sidkeong Tulku Namgyal.jpg" height="75" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Sidkeong_Tulku_Namgyal.jpg/60px-Sidkeong_Tulku_Namgyal.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Sidkeong_Tulku_Namgyal.jpg/90px-Sidkeong_Tulku_Namgyal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Sidkeong_Tulku_Namgyal.jpg/120px-Sidkeong_Tulku_Namgyal.jpg 2x" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" width="60" /></span></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidkeong_Tulku_Namgyal" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Sidkeong Tulku Namgyal"><span style="color: black;">Sidkeong Tulku Namgyal</span></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><small><span style="font-size: small;">The shortest-reigning Chogyal of Sikkim, ruled from 10 February to 5 December 1914. Died of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_failure" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Heart failure">heart failure</a>, aged 35, in most suspicious circumstances.</span></small></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">11</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">1914–1963</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tashi_Namgyal.jpg" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="Tashi Namgyal.jpg" height="101" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Tashi_Namgyal.jpg/60px-Tashi_Namgyal.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Tashi_Namgyal.jpg/90px-Tashi_Namgyal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Tashi_Namgyal.jpg/120px-Tashi_Namgyal.jpg 2x" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" width="60" /></span></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tashi_Namgyal" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Tashi Namgyal"><span style="color: black;">Tashi Namgyal</span></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><small><span style="font-size: small;">Treaty between India and Sikkim was signed in 1950, giving India <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzerainty" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a> over Sikkim.</span></small></td></tr>
<tr valign="top"><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">12</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;">1963–1975</td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:King_and_Queen_of_Sikkim_and_their_daughter_watch_birthday_celebrations,_Gangtok,_Sikkim_(LOC_ppmsca.30171).jpg" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: black;"><img alt="King and Queen of Sikkim and their daughter watch birthday celebrations, Gangtok, Sikkim (LOC ppmsca.30171).jpg" height="169" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/King_and_Queen_of_Sikkim_and_their_daughter_watch_birthday_celebrations%2C_Gangtok%2C_Sikkim_%28LOC_ppmsca.30171%29.jpg/250px-King_and_Queen_of_Sikkim_and_their_daughter_watch_birthday_celebrations%2C_Gangtok%2C_Sikkim_%28LOC_ppmsca.30171%29.jpg" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/King_and_Queen_of_Sikkim_and_their_daughter_watch_birthday_celebrations%2C_Gangtok%2C_Sikkim_%28LOC_ppmsca.30171%29.jpg/375px-King_and_Queen_of_Sikkim_and_their_daughter_watch_birthday_celebrations%2C_Gangtok%2C_Sikkim_%28LOC_ppmsca.30171%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/King_and_Queen_of_Sikkim_and_their_daughter_watch_birthday_celebrations%2C_Gangtok%2C_Sikkim_%28LOC_ppmsca.30171%29.jpg/500px-King_and_Queen_of_Sikkim_and_their_daughter_watch_birthday_celebrations%2C_Gangtok%2C_Sikkim_%28LOC_ppmsca.30171%29.jpg 2x" style="border: none; vertical-align: middle;" width="250" /></span></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palden_Thondup_Namgyal" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Palden Thondup Namgyal"><span style="color: black;">Palden Thondup Namgyal</span></a></td><td style="border: 1px solid rgb(170, 170, 170); padding: 0.2em;"><small><span style="font-size: small;">The 12th Chogyal, Indian sovereignty post plebiscite.</span></small></td></tr>
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The son from the first marriage of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palden_Thondup_Namgyal" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Palden Thondup Namgyal">Palden Thondup Namgyal</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wangchuk_Namgyal" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Wangchuk Namgyal">Wangchuk Namgyal</a>, was named the 13th Chogyal after his father's death on 29 January 1982, but the position no longer confers any official authority.</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06664599428080965303noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5661413756404714224.post-14179374750581479802013-10-08T05:48:00.004-07:002013-10-11T06:32:09.512-07:00BLOOD BROTHERHOOD<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large; line-height: 19.1875px;"><b><u>KABI LUNGCHOK </u></b></span></span><br />
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<b><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7LG6yYB2vYE/UlP9v77HozI/AAAAAAAAABs/wHR-Lwgg6nM/s1600/kabi-lungchok++STONES+IN+WHICH+BLOOD+OF+BROTHERHOOD+WERE+SHED.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7LG6yYB2vYE/UlP9v77HozI/AAAAAAAAABs/wHR-Lwgg6nM/s320/kabi-lungchok++STONES+IN+WHICH+BLOOD+OF+BROTHERHOOD+WERE+SHED.jpg" width="320" /></a></b></div>
<b> </b><b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px;">Kabi Lungchok </span></b><b><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px;">The literal meaning of 'Kabi Lungchok', pronounced ‘Kayu sha bhi Lungchok’, is "stone erected by our blood."</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px;"> Life-size statues of the Lepcha and Bhutia 'blood-brothers' who signed the treaty has been erected here</span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px;">is a historic site of significance, which is located 17 kilometers north of </span></span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangtok" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Gangtok"><span style="color: black;">Gangtok</span></a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px;"> on the Northern Highway in northeastern </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_state" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Indian state"><span style="color: black;">Indian state</span></a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px;"> of </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkim" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Sikkim"><span style="color: black;">Sikkim</span></a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px;">. The historicity of the site is attributed to the fact that the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepcha_people" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Lepcha people"><span style="color: black;">Lepchas</span></a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px;">, the ethnic tribals of Sikkim and </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutia" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Bhutia"><span style="color: black;">Bhutias</span></a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px;"> (ethnic </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_people" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Tibetan people"><span style="color: black;">Tibetans</span></a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px;">), the immigrants from </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Tibet Autonomous Region"><span style="color: black;">Tibet</span></a><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="line-height: 19.1875px;"> who settled down in Sikkim from the 14th century onwards, ceremonially signed a "Treaty of Blood Brotherhood" with religious fervor Stone pillars mark the location where the treaty was signed. The Treaty was signed at Kabi Lungchok by the </span></span></span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Tibet"><span style="color: black;">Tibetan</span></a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px;"> prince, </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khye_Bumsa" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Khye Bumsa"><span style="color: black;">Khye Bumsa</span></a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px;"> representing the </span><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutias" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Bhutias"><span style="color: black;">Bhutias</span></a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px;"> and the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepcha_people" style="background-color: white; background-image: none; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px; text-decoration: none;" title="Lepcha people"><span style="color: black;">Lepcha</span></a><span style="background-color: white; font-family: sans-serif; line-height: 19.1875px;"> Chief Thekong Tek. </span></b><br />
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<b> The Lepchas, known for their peaceful, religious and reserved nature led a tranquil tribal life in the mountains of Sikkim practicing <span style="color: black;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shifting_cultivation" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Shifting cultivation"><span style="color: black;">shifting cultivation</span></a> </span>(growing maize and rice) as their vocation, and worshiped “nature or spirits of nature.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-quest_5-1" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"></sup></b></div>
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<b>Some time in the 15th century, they organized themselves under the leadership of <i>Tur ve pa no</i> who was elected their king. Subsequent to his death in a skirmish, three kings, namely <i>Tur Song Pa No</i>, <i>Tur Aeng Pa No</i> and <i>Tur Alu Pa No</i>, took up the reigns of the kingdom, and their reign also ended with the death of <i>Tur Alu Pa No</i>. The Lepchas then adopted the democratic process of electing their leader and followed the leaders advice on all matters.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-quest_5-2" style="line-height: 1em; unicode-bidi: -webkit-isolate;"></sup></b></div>
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<b> in the 9th-century prince of the Kingdom of Minvang in eastern Tibet. This dynasty had ruled <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chumbi_Valley" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Chumbi Valley">Chumbi</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teesta_River" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Teesta River">Teesta valley</a> for considerable time. In the 13th century, prince of this dynasty known by the name Guru Tashi, based on a clairvoyant vision, decided to go south of Tibet to Sikkim, then known as "Denzong-the valley of rice" to seek his fortune. While travelling on this mission with his family, he came to the Sakya Kingdom where a monastery was being built, and they were facing problems in erecting the pillars of the monastery. Then, one of Tashi's five sons, the elder son, erected the pillars of the monastery on his own and was honoured with the epithet "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khye_Bumsa" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Khye Bumsa">Khye Bumsa</a>" (meaning: superior of ten thousand heroes). Pleased with the achievement of Khye Bumsa, the Sakya King gave his daughter in marriage to him. Bumsa then settled down in Chumbi valley where he met the Lepcha religious leader, <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thekong_Tek&action=edit&redlink=1" style="background-image: none; text-decoration: none;" title="Thekong Tek (page does not exist)">Thekong Tek</a>, several times seeking his blessings to beget children. Following the blessings of Thekong Tek, Bhums'a wife gave birth to three sons, and out of gratitude he visited the grand old sage in several times more in Sikkim nurturing an amicable relationship between them. However, Thekong Tek had no children and there was also a prophesy that one of Khye Bumsa's descendent would become the ruler of Sikkim. Thekong Tek then decided that after his death Bhumsa would take over the reins of power in his kingdom. Then a treaty of blood brotherhood was signed at Kabi Lungchok between Thekong Tek and Khye Bumsa to reinforce the bonding between the two communities of Lepchas and Bhutias of Sikkim. The solemn oath taken on the occasion was that Bhumsa "would not discriminate his newly acquired Lepcha subjects". Since then this location has been commemorated as symbol of friendship and brotherhood between the Lepchas and Bhutias of Sikkim and stone pillars have been erected to mark the place symbolically. In 1642, Phuntsog Namgyal, the grandson of Khye Bumsa was crowned the first Chogyal of Sikkim at Yuksom.</b></div>
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<b><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FfnWK_qjhe0/UlP-AHlduWI/AAAAAAAAAB0/hWp-ezH0RIE/s1600/STATUE+OF+UNITY+AND+BROTHERHOOD.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="219" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FfnWK_qjhe0/UlP-AHlduWI/AAAAAAAAAB0/hWp-ezH0RIE/s320/STATUE+OF+UNITY+AND+BROTHERHOOD.jpeg" width="320" /></a></b></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06664599428080965303noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5661413756404714224.post-19424197578422488712013-10-07T07:44:00.003-07:002013-10-25T20:36:31.385-07:00BEY -YUL DEMOZONG<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>A SACRED LAND BLESSED BY GURU - RIMPOCHE HIMSELF .</b><br />
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LAND OF PEACE AND TRANQUILITY , PLACE WHERE NEW HORIZONS AND NEW RELATIONS WERE BORN BETWEEN TWO TRIBE CALLED <b>BHUTIA LEPCHA</b>.<br />
SINCE I DON'T WANT TO WRITE THIS NAME AS BHUTIA AND LEPCHA ,THE WORD <b>"AND"</b> MAKES A HUGE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE PEOPLE .<br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JUQy9mLYujY/UlLE7N6d-fI/AAAAAAAAABc/rngrkhux_5s/s1600/155408212_9fea74a045.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="208" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JUQy9mLYujY/UlLE7N6d-fI/AAAAAAAAABc/rngrkhux_5s/s320/155408212_9fea74a045.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
UNDER THE GUARDIAN OF MOUNT KANCHENJUNGA ORIGINALLY SPELLED AS KHANG-CHEN-DZENGA. WHY THIS NAME WAS MENTIONED IS AS PER OUR LOCAL BELIEF MT. KANCHENJUNGA IS OUR MOTHER DEITY LIKE A MOTHER HOLDING HER CHILD IN HER ARMS , THE NAME NAME ITSELF SIGNIFY ITS MEANING AN FIVE MOST IMPORTANT TREASURE HIDDEN IN FIVE DIFFERENT CABINS BUILD INSIDE MT. KANCHENJUNGA WHICH WILL OPEN ONLY AFTER THE END OF WORLD AND WILL REESTABLISH THE LIVING THINGS IN THIS WORLD.<br />
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<b>THE FIVE DZE-NA(DZE MEANS TREASURE AND NA MEANS FIVE)</b><br />
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1. CHA KI DZE ( HIDDEN TREASURE OF SALT)<br />
2. SHEY THANG NYOUL KI DZE ( HIDDEN TREASURE OF GOLD & SILVER)<br />
3. DO THANG MENA KI DZE ( HIDDEN TREASURE OF MEDICINE)<br />
4. KHUCHEN KI DZE ( HIDDEN TREASURE OF CLOTHES )<br />
5. CHOE THANG NOR KI DZE ( HIDDEN TREASURE OF EDUCATION & HOLY PRAYERS)<br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06664599428080965303noreply@blogger.com1